摘要
明确设施大棚土壤微量元素累积特点及污染风险是进行设施农业土壤风险管控的重要前提.本研究通过测定山东典型设施土壤中铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铬(Cr)总量和各形态含量,采用地积累指数法(Igeo)、风险编码法(RAC)和潜在生态危害指数法(PERI)评价土壤微量元素的污染特征,结合正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型和健康风险评估模型鉴定微量元素的潜在来源并计算其风险水平.结果表明:研究区域土壤Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr全量均呈累积趋势,Cd含量最大值超出土壤污染风险管制值.随种植年限增加,Mn、Zn、Cd和Cr元素有效态含量均呈增加趋势;PMF模型确定研究区域土壤主要受农业源、工业源的影响,贡献率分别为31.49％和24.07％;Igeo、RAC和PERI评价结果显示,土壤Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn全量均有超标,Pb和Zn有效态含量超标,Cd元素单项生态危害指数(Ei)高,综合潜在生态危害指数(RI)均无风险.研究区土壤中微量元素对成人构成非致癌风险和致癌风险的概率分别为36.78％和0.03％,Cr元素是非致癌和致癌风险优先控制元素.
Abstract
Underscoring the characteristics of trace element accumulation and their pollution risk in greenhouse soils is an essential prerequisite of risk management in agricultural settings.In this study,we measured the concen-trations of total and speciation of iron(Fe),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),copper(Cu),cadmium(Cd),lead(Pb),and chromium(Cr)in representative facilities in Shandong.The geo-accumulation index(Igeo),risk as-sessment code(RAC),and potential ecological risk index(PERI)were used to evaluate the pollution characteris-tics of soil trace elements.Positive matrix factorization(PMF)and health risk assessment models were combined to identify potential sources of trace elements and calculate their risk levels.Results demonstrated a distinct trend of accumulation of Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu,Cd,and Cr,with the maximum concentration of Cd surpassing the pollution risk thresholds.A significant increase of the bioavailable speciation of Mn,Zn,Cd,and Cr was observed as planting years increased.According to the PMF model,trace elements were primarily affected by agricultural and industrial activities,with contribution rates of 31.49％and 24.07％,respectively.The evaluation based on Igeo,RAC,and PERI indicated that the total concentrations of Cd,Pb,Cu,and Zn,as well as the concentrations of bioavaliable Pb and Zn,exceeded the standard level.Furthermore,the single ecological hazard index(Ei)of Cd was higher,while no risk appeared in terms of comprehensive potential ecological hazard index(RI).The risk probabilities of trace elements in soil were 36.78％for non-carcinogenic and 0.03％for carcinogenic health risks to adults,respec-tively.Cr emerged as the risk priority control metal.
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