Surfactant-enhanced bioremediation of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil:A re-view
A rising number of heavy metals,polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,and other inorganic and organic pol-lutants pose a threat to crop safety and human health due to the rapid development of industry and agriculture.Com-pared with other technologies,bioremediation is a low-cost and environmentally friendly technology.However,soil is a heterogeneous system comprised of inorganic clay minerals,organic matter,and organic-inorganic colloids that are capable of adsorbing pollutants.The efficiency of bioremediation is therefore limited by the bioavailability of pol-lutants.By contrast,the surface charge and absorption potential energy of the soil,as well as the speciation and solubility of pollutants may change as a result of surfactant addition.We reviewed the pollution status of heavy met-als and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils,surfactant types,and the influence of various factors on the effi-ciency of bioremediation enhanced by surfactants.Furthermore,we summarized and prospectively discussed the dis-advantages of bioremediation technique to provide a theoretical basis for future screenings and applications of surfac-tants.
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