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水中构筑物表面生物膜形成物理化学过程

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水中构筑物表面生物膜的形成会加速构筑物的腐蚀，严重影响其使用效率和寿命;成熟后的生物膜老化脱落或受水力剪切作用进入主体水中，会造成水体二次污染，对动植物生长和人类生活造成重大影响。生物膜的形成是由单个细菌黏附到表面开始的，经过可逆黏附到不可逆黏附的过渡后，细菌分泌的胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances，EPSs)会加速表面微菌落的形成，再通过细菌间的群体感应(quorum sensing，QS)使细菌启动表型和基因型变化，最终促使成熟生物膜的形成。本文综述了生物膜形成的不同阶段所涉及的物理化学过程(薄膜形成阶段、细菌黏附阶段、胞外聚合物膜阶段、群体感应调节生物膜阶段和生物膜成熟与表征)，分析总结了本领域各方向的最新研究进展，归纳并阐明了水中构筑物表面生物膜形成的机理和影响因素，为生物膜防控、清除和利用等相关研究领域提供了理论依据。
Physicochemical Processes of Biofilm Formation on The Surface of Structures in Water
Microorganisms can form biofilms,complex,heterogeneous,multicellular communities that adhere to surfaces.Biofilm formation on the surface of structures in water will accelerate structures'corrosion,seriously affect their service efficiency and life,and significantly impact the growth of animals,plants,and human life.Hence,clarifying the mechanism of biofilm formation contributes to developing new strategies to control biofilm formation on surface and then reduce infections,biofouling,and contaminations.Biofilm-targeting strategies include the regulation of established biofilms or the modulation of single-cell attachment.In most studies,physicochemical mechanism is frequently applied to explain the initial bacterial adhesion phenomena but rarely to explain other stages of biofilm formation.This review presents a five-step comprehensive description of the physicochemical process from film formation to biofilm maturation:(1)period of film formation;(2)period of bacterial adhesion;(3)period of extracellular-polymeric-substances(EPSs)membrane formation;(4)period of regulating biofilm by quorum sensing(QS);(5)period of biofilm maturation.We first clarify how the film formed by compound molecules affects the surface's physicochemical properties and initial adhesion,summarizing many factors that affect bacterial adhesion.We then review the types of EPSs and signal molecules secreted by bacteria after irreversible adhesion,as well as their role and QS mechanism in biofilm maturation.Finally,we discuss how bacteria or microcolonies separate from the mature biofilm by physicochemical action and summarize the morphology and adhesion characterization methods after the biofilm matures.This review redefines the role of physicochemical in the whole process of biofilm formation and provides a theoretical basis for the prevention,removal,and utilization of biofilm and other related research fields.

underwater structurebiofilmbacterial adhesionphysicochemical processextracellular polymeric substancesquorum sensing

申锴、高飞、黄须强、卢小鹏、周慧敏、李卫荣、铁镝

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大连交通大学,连续挤压教育部工程研究中心,大连 116028

东北大学,材料科学与工程学院,沈阳 110819

水中构筑物 生物膜 细菌黏附 物理化学过程 胞外聚合物 群体感应调节

国家重点研发计划重点专项国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金国家自然科学基金辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目

2022YFE0126400521712355197408352111540263LJKMZ20220856

2024

10.16476/j.pibb.2022.0632

生物化学与生物物理进展
中国科学院生物物理研究所,中国生物物理学会

生物化学与生物物理进展

CSTPCD北大核心
影响因子：0.476
ISSN：1000-3282
年,卷(期)：2024.51(1)
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