摘要
免疫分析法具有简便、快速、准确等特点,广泛应用于医学、食品、环境等领域检测,将免疫分析方法与纳米材料相结合可以提高免疫分析的性能.与传统纳米材料相比,上转换纳米颗粒(upconversion nanoparticles,UCNPs)具有光稳定性好、发光寿命长和狭窄及可调整的发射带等优秀的光学性质,与免疫分析相结合可显著降低背景噪声,提高分析灵敏度.本文简要介绍了UCNPs的发光机制,对UCNPs的合成和表面修饰方法进行了总结,并详细论述荧光共振能量转移、内滤效应、磁分离技术、上转化连接免疫吸附技术和上转换免疫层析技术五种基于UCNPs的免疫检测技术,最后对该技术所面临的挑战和前景进行总结和展望,以期为UCNPs免疫检测技术的发展提供理论指导.
Abstract
Immunoassays are widely used in medicine,food,environment and other fields due to having the advantages of simpleness,rapidness and accuracy.Combining immunoassays with nanomaterials can improve the performance of immunoassays.Compared with traditional nanomaterials,upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs)have excellent optical properties such as good photostability,long luminescence lifetime and narrow and tunable emission bands,which can significantly reduce background noise and improve analytical sensitivity when combined with immunoassay.This paper briefly introduces the luminescence mechanism of UCNPs,summarizes the synthesis and surface modification methods of UCNPs.And then 5 UCNPs-based immunoassay techniques,namely,fluorescence resonance energy transfer,inner filter effect,magnetic separation technique,upconversion-linked immunosorbent assay and upconversion immunochromatography,are discussed in detail.These sensing protocols of UCNPs-based immunoassays have been successfully utilized to detect various targets,including small molecules,macromolecules,and pathogens,all of which closely related to food safety,human health,and environmental pollution.Finally,the challenges and prospects of this technique are summarized and prospected.Although the UCNPs immunoassays based on antibodies and antigens have made great progress,most of the research is still in the stage of laboratory,and there is a long way to go to realize its social applications.There is a series of challenges need to be overcome.(1)Designing excellent water soluble and dispersive upconversion nanomaterials is needed.Hydrophilic ligands are bound to smaller upconversion nanoparticles and removing hydrophobic surface ligands are the most widely used methods to improve solubility and dispersity.(2)Multi-detection technology platforms and multi-mode simultaneous detection platforms have great potential,which will improve the efficiency of point of care detection.(3)The researchers also need to focus on some important problems.For examples,the upconversion luminescence efficiency of UCNPs is difficult to maintain,the synthesis method is complex,and the surface modification degree and functionalization are difficult to control.
基金项目
国家重点研发计划(2023YFF1105002)
国家自然科学基金(32061160473)
广东省科技创新战略专项资金基础研究重大项目(2020B0301030005)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金区域联合基金重点项目(2021B1515120042)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据