成簇规律间隔短回文重复(clustered regulation interspaced short palindromic repeats，CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白质(CRISPR-associated protein，Cas)系统被广泛应用于基因组编辑、转录调控以及细胞实时成像等，并已在农业、工业和医学等领域展示出巨大的应用潜力。该技术的应用取决于CRISPR/Cas的五大属性:靶向、解旋、切割、滞留和旁切。本综述将主要以化脓链球菌(Streptococcuspyogenes)的CRISPR/Cas9为例，聚焦于CRISPR/Cas的滞留属性，梳理相关进展，讨论其在基因编辑技术开发中的应用与挑战。
Target Residence of CRISPR/Cas in Genome Editing
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)is widely used for targeted genomic and epigenomic modifications,transcriptional regulation and real-time cell imaging,and has already demonstrated great potential for applications in agriculture,industry and medicine.The promise of the technology depends upon the five intrinsic properties of CRISPR/Cas:targeting,target unwinding,target cutting,target residence,and collateral cleavage.Here,mainly using Streptococcus pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9 as example,we will focus on the target residence of CRISPR/Cas in applications of the CRISPR/Cas technology,summarize the recent progress,and discuss the effect of CRISPR/Cas target binding and residence on DNA double strand break repair pathway choices and the opportunities that CRISPR/Cas target residence presents to optimize the CRISPR/Cas technology.
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