Exosomes are small,membrane-bound vesicles with a diameter ranging from 30 to 150 nm.They are actively released by diverse cell types and exhibit sustained secretion under both physiological and pathological conditions of tissue cells.Exosomes can be found in various body fluids and exert their influence on recipient cells through the delivery of proteins,lipids,nucleic acids,and other bioactive molecules.These molecular cargos enable exosomes to modulate and alter the behavior of target cells,thereby playing signifi-cant roles in intercellular communication and immune regulation,among other crucial cellular processes.This article took aquatic-de-rived exosomes as a focal point,providing a comprehensive synthesis of their compositional characteristics and elucidating the functional diversity of exosomes that observed across different aquatic organisms.Moreover,it undertook an in-depth analysis of the environmental factors impacting the secretion of exosomes,aiming to unravel the intricate relationship between exosome release quantity and these en-vironmental cues.This review presented novel research insights for the study of aquatic-derived exosomes in the context of environmen-tal conservation.
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