摘要
低品位矿产资源的开发利用制约着全球绿色可持续发展,生物冶金技术是实现矿物加工和有色金属冶金领域绿色可持续发展的前沿性技术,同时在矿山重金属污染场地原位修复中发挥重要作用.综述了生物冶金技术的基本概念、微生物生理特征和作用机制,以及生物冶金在硫化铜矿浸出、难处理金矿氧化预处理、铀矿浸提、稀土提取等方面的应用和研究现状,提出未来应针对高效浸出微生物选育、生物浸出界面作用机制、高效节能装置和工程化技术等方面开展研究,并进一步拓展生物冶金技术研究及应用领域.
Abstract
The development and the utilization of low-grade mineral resources constrain global green and sustainable development.Bi-oleaching technology is a cutting-edge technology for achieving green and sustainable development in mineral processing and non-fer-rous metal metallurgy and plays an important role in in-situ remediation of heavy metal pollution sites in mines.This article reviewed the basic concepts,microbial physiological characteristics,and mechanisms of action of biotechnology,as well as the application and re-search status of biotechnology in copper ore extraction,refractory gold ore oxidation pretreatment,uranium ore extraction,and rare earth extraction.In the future,research should be conducted on the selection of high-efficiency leaching microorganisms,the interface mechanism of bioleaching,high-efficiency energy-saving devices,and engineering technologies,and further expanding the application fields of bioleaching technology.
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