摘要
蓝藻多分布于海洋、盐湖和超盐环境中,因盐环境的自然选择和遗传分化,已形成特殊的自我适应生存机制,具有独特的群落结构组成、多样性分布和胞内次级代谢产物,目前针对不同盐境中蓝藻的多样性、优势属群、盐适应机制、次级代谢产物的种类分布以及应用,有待深入探究,系统综述不同盐境中蓝藻的种群多样性、群落结构组成和适应生存机制(积累相容溶质和抗氧化剂、平衡胞内离子以及提高抗氧化酶类活性),重点总结胞内次级代谢产物的代表种类(如聚酮类、寡肽与多肽类、生物碱类、脂类、萜类以及多糖类)、化学结构类型和主要生物活性功能等(如抗菌、抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗疟疾和蛋白酶抑制),为后续盐藻的资源挖掘和天然药物开发利用提供参考依据.
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are mostly distributed in oceans,salt lakes and hypersaline environments.Due to natural selection and genet-ic differentiation in salt environments,Cyanobacteria have formed special survival mechanisms including in unique community structure composition,diversity distribution and intracellular secondary metabolites.Currently,the diversity,the dominant genus,the salt adapta-tion mechanism,the species distribution and application of Cyanobacteria need to be further explored from different salt environments.This article systematically reviewed the recent advances in the population diversity,the community structure compositions and the adap-tive survival mechanisms(e.g.accumulation of compatible solutes or antioxidants,balance of intracellular ions,and/or increase of an-tioxidant enzyme activity)of Cyanobacteria among various salt environments.Further,the representative species of intracellular second-ary metabolites(e.g.polyketones,oligopeptides/polypeptides,alkaloids,lipids,terpenes and polysaccharides),chemical structure types and main bioactive functions(e.g.antibacterial,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,antimalarial and protease inhibition)were also systemati-cally summarized.It probably provided a reference for subsequent salina algae mining and the utilization of natural metabolites.
维普
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