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关于税收在促进共同富裕中作用的思考

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党的二十大报告指出,要以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴,实现全体人民共同富裕的现代化.税收促进共同富裕的范围具有广泛性、手段具有多样性、作用具有精准性.新时代新征程上,税收进一步促进共同富裕的发力点在于三个方面.第一,强化初次分配中的税收调控作用.包括优化增值税制度,将三档税率合并成两档税率,加大增值税留抵退税力度等;改革企业所得税制度,进一步提高市场主体研发费用加计扣除比例,加大对技术转让所得的减免税力度等.第二,强化再分配中的税收引导作用.包括扩大个人所得税综合所得征收范围,改进个人所得税专项附加扣除政策等.第三,强化第三次分配中的税收激励作用.包括进一步提高企业慈善捐赠支出和个人慈善捐赠支出的税前扣除比例,简化享受税收优惠程序,出台实物捐赠扣除规定,落实慈善信托税收优惠政策等.
Some Reflections on the Role of Taxation in Promoting Common Prosperity
The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that it is necessary to comprehensively promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and achieve modernization for the common prosperity of all people through Chinese Path to Modernization.The scope of taxation in promoting common prosperity is extensive,the means are diverse,and the effect is precise.In the new era and new journey,the key points for taxation to further promote common prosperity are given as follows:first,strengthening the role of tax regulation in primary distribution,including optimizing the VAT system by merging the three tax rates into two and increasing the strength of VAT credit refund,and reforming the corporate income tax system to increase the additional'deduction ratio for market entities'R&D expenses and enhance tax reduction for technology transfer income;secondly,strengthening the guiding role of taxation in redistribution,including expanding the scope of comprehensive income taxation for individuals and improving the special additional deduction policy for personal income tax;thirdly,enhancing the role of tax incentives in tertiary distribution,including increasing the pre-tax deduction ratio for corporate and individual charitable donations,simplifying the process for enjoying tax benefits,introducing regulations for physical donation deductions and implementing tax preferential policies for charitable trusts.

Common ProsperityThree-Tier DistributionTax IncentivesHigh-Quality Development

陈懿赟

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国家税务总局湖南省税务局

共同富裕 三次分配 税收优惠 高质量发展

2024

税务研究
中国税务杂志社

税务研究

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:1.497
ISSN:1003-448X
年,卷(期):2024.(2)
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