As one of the main institutions responsible for the Ming Dynasty palace drama,Jiaofang Department directly man-aged the performance of palace opera,leading the culture of palace opera and influencing the cultural trends of lower society.Howev-er,after the transformation during the Wanli period,emerging folk theatrical personnel and institutions infiltrated the palace opera stage.This transformation resulted in the division of the functions of the Jiaofang Department and a decline in its status.The large number of performances of emerging theatrical works made palace opera more entertaining and embarked on a path of populariza-tion.This change had a profound impact on the culture of palace opera during the Wanli period and beyond.
Jiaofang Departmentpalace operatransformation of the status
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