The Grammatical Function and Modal Characteristics of the Modal Adverb"Haipa"in the Yushe Dialect of Shanxi Province
"害怕"is only used as a verb in Mandarin,but it has the use of modal adverbs in Yushe Dialect:it can not only ex-press the speaker's speculation or estimation of things or events,but also express a negative attitude.And it has the characteristics of euphemism and unreality."Haipa害怕"in modern Chinese is mainly manifested as"panic"and"worry";Structurally,there are mainly"s +(adverbial)害怕+(n)"and"S1 +[害怕]+(S2)V",and the latter also provides the possibility for the grammaticaliza-tion of"Haipa".In the process of grammaticalization,the structure of"Haipa害怕"in Yushe dialect has experienced the change of"S1 +(adverbial)害怕+(S2)V"→"S1 +[害怕]+(S2)V";In a sense,there is also development,that is,"panic in the heart→worry→worry + judgment→judgment",and finally there is a modal usage to express personal judgment or views.
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