The identity unit of farmers and the endogenous governance pattern of villages——based on the division of families,households,portals and clans
From the perspective of regional comparison,there are four identity units of farmers,namely,family,household,door and clan,which corespond repectively to the atomized villages in Jianghan Plain,household villages in the Guanzhong Plain,small kindred villages in North China Plain and clan villages in southern China.The different identity units of farmers shape the village social relations:the village with family as identity unit is a kind of benefit relationship;the village with house-hold as identity unit is a kind of cooperative relationship;the village with door as identity unit is a kind of competitive relationship,and the village with clan as identity unit is a kind of emotional relationship.Different types of relations shape different village pub-lic order,including interest order under interest relationship,exchange order under cooperation relationship,normative order un-der competition relationship and moral order under emotion relationship.Different public order brings different endogenous gover-nance patterns of villages.Villages under benefit order present benefit governance patterns,and villages under exchange order present relational governance patterns,the villages under the normative order present the rule-based governance pattern,and the villages under the moral order present the emotion-based governance pattern.The difference of village endogenous governance pattern will affect the practice of state-society relationship,and produce the state-society relationship of compartmentalization,game,obedience and suspension.
Identity unitOperational unitSocial relationsGovernance orderState and social relations
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