Analysis of genetic diversity in phenotypic traits of 215 sweet pepper resources
[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of sweet pepper germplasm resources preserved in the Shanxi Province Vegetable Resource Sharing Service Platform.[Methods]The genetic diversity of 33 phenotypic traits(13 quantitative traits and 20 qualitative traits)from 215 sweet pepper resources,originating both domestically and internationally,was analyzed using principal component analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis.[Results]The genetic diversity among the 215 sweet pepper resources was found to be rich,with the genetic variation coefficient for quantitative traits ranging from 12.22%to 30.32%.The longitudinal diameter of commercial fruit exhibited the highest variation coefficient,whereas the number of locules showed the lowest.The longitudinal diameter of commercial fruit also displayed the largest variation range(15.79%to 110.57%),while the main stem thickness exhibited the smallest range(7.53%to 24.07%).For qualita-tive traits,the genetic diversity indices ranged from 5.177 and 5.368,with branching type demonstrating the highest index and corolla color the lowest,indicating significant genetic variation among the sweet pepper materials.Principal component analysis grouped the 33 phenotypic traits into eight principal components.These components had contribution rates ranging from 3.131%to 14.812%,with a cumulative contribution rate of 65.421%,representing the main phenotypic information of the sweet peppers.Among the 528 pairs of traits analyzed,186 pairs exhibited significant correlations,emphasizing the importance of considering genetic variation in related traits when selecting materials.Cluster analysis,performed at a genetic distance of 0.73,categorized the sweet pepper resources into five categories,each with distinct phenotypic characteristics.The results show that 20 traits,including style length,leaf color,leaf surface characteristics,immature fruit color,fruit cross-sectional shape,and fruit shape,were identified as the main contributors to phenotypic differences in sweet peppers.[Conclusion]The selected sweet pepper resources exhibited significant genetic differences and abundant variations.These findings provided a the-oretical basis for the screening of sweet pepper resources and hybrid breeding programs.
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