Effects of Treadmill Exercise on Learning Memory Behaviour and Hippocampal Autophagy-Induced Apoptosis in Ovariectomized Stressed Rats
This paper aims to investigate the possible mechanism of the improvement of learning memory ability in ovariectomized stressed rats by 4 weeks of moderate-intensity trendmill exercise by detecting the expression of hippocampal autophagy-related proteins PERK,elf2α,CHOP and autophagy markers LC-3Ⅱ/Beclin-1 and apop-tosis factor Caspase-3.Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups,namely sham operation group(sham group,n=10),ovary removal group(OVX group,n=10),ovary removal stress group(OVX+S group,n=10)and ovary removal stress exercise group(OVX+S+E group,n=10).Except for the sham-op-erated group of rats,the remaining three groups of rats had their ovaries removed to establish a perimenopausal rat model,and then a depressed rat model was established by chronic unpredictable stress(CUMS),while the rats in the ovariectomized stress exercise group underwent a 4-week moderate-intensity treadmill exercise.The eight-arm maze experiment was used to test the learning and memory behavior of rats after exercise and stress,and Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of PERK/elf2α/CHOP,hippocampus apoptotic factor Caspase-3 and the protein expression of autophagy markers LC-3Ⅱ/Beclin-1 in the hippocampus.Results show firstly ovary removal reduced the learning memory abacity of rats,as evidenced behaviorally by a significant in-crease in the number of working memory errors,the number of reference memory errors,and the completion time in the eight-arm maze experiment,and an even more pronounced increase in the above measures when combined with chronic unpredictable stress,the expression of hippocampal apoptotic factor Caspase 3 protein was signifi-cantly elevated in the ovary removal(OVX)and ovary removal stress(OVX+S)groups the expression of auto-phagy-related proteins PERK,elf2α,CHOP was increased,whereas the expression of mTOR protein was elevat-ed,and the expression of Beclin 1 and LC3Ⅱ proteins was also significantly decreased,which was more signifi-cant in the OVX+S group.Secondly,four weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise significantly enhanced the learning memory ability of rats.Compared with the de-ovo stress group,the expression of apoptosis factor Caspase 3 protein decreased,the expression of autophagy-related proteins PERK,elf2α,CHOP was decreased,and the expression of autophagy markers Beclin 1 and LC3Ⅱ protein was significantly elevated in the ovary re-moral stress exercise group.It is concluded that treadmill exercise can enhance the learning memory ability of rats in the ovariectomized depression model,and its mechanism of action may be related to the fact that long-term treadmill exercise promotes cell autophagy and reduces apoptosis by inhibiting the ERS of PERK/elf2α/CHOP signaling pathway.
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