Impact of the Construction and Operational Scheduling of the Three Gorges Proj-ect on the Meteorology and Ecological Environment in the Zigui Reservoir Region
The Three Gorges Project,as the world's largest hydropower project,has been impounding water since 2003,marking 20 years to date.However,its effects on local climate,ecology,and other factors remain unclear.Assessing its impacts on the reservoir's ecological environment,meteorological conditions,and water resource dynamics is essential for ensuring the safe and stable opera-tion of the Three Gorges Project.Using long-term observation results from the Zigui Soil and Water Conservation Monitoring Sta-tion,this study explores the impacts of the construction and operational regulation of the Three Gorges Project on the ecological en-vironment of the reservoir's upstream region by analyzing routine ground meteorological data,typical runoff field observations,and monitoring data from the Eagle Gully watershed.Results indicated that following the three stages of reservoir impoundment,there was an increase in water surface area and reservoir capacity.This caused yearly extreme high temperatures,average temperatures,and yearly average high temperatures to first decrease and then increase.Moreover,the rainfall volume increased in the second year after each impoundment stage,elevating minimum temperatures and ground temperatures,thereby improving the region's hab-itability to some extent.Agricultural engineering measures,such as intercropping with clover and using marigold plant hedgerows,effectively reduce runoff and sediment loads on sloping farmlands,mitigate the loss of organic matter,nitrogen,and phosphorus from agricultural fields,and play a positive role in reducing non-point source pollution and maintaining soil productivity.Due to ag-ricultural production emissions,the average nitrogen content in the Eagle Gully watershed reached 16.45 mg/L,indicating a signifi-cant exceedance in nitrogen levels.In conclusion,the construction and operational scheduling of the Three Gorges Project have re-duced the amplitude of local annual temperature fluctuations,exerting a long-term impact on the regional climate.Rational agricul-tural engineering measures can help reduce soil erosion and maintain ecological balance in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
Three Gorges Projectecological environmentmeteorologysoil and water erosion
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