目的 了解孕妇对未来子女非免疫规划疫苗(expanded program on immunization,EPI)的接种意愿及其影响因素,为提高儿童非EPI接种率提供参考.方法 采用便利抽样的方法,选取山西省妇幼保健院438名产检孕妇为研究对象进行问卷调查.利用独立样本t检验、方差分析和多重线性回归模型分析个人社会经济因素、疫苗倾向和疫苗信息获取渠道对孕妇为未来子女接种非EPI意愿的影响,并基于计划行为理论构建结构方程模型分析孕妇对子女非EPI接种的态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制对接种意愿的影响.结果 98.4％调查对象愿意为子女接种非EPI.与倾向于接种进口疫苗的群体相比,有接种国产疫苗倾向的群体(β=0.119)为子女接种非EPI的意愿更强,有接触媒体宣传较没有接触的群体子女非EPI接种意愿更强(β=0.099),有接触社区医院和疾病预防控制中心的宣传册和活动讲座的群体较没有接触的群体子女非EPI接种意愿更强(β=0.119).结构方程模型结果显示影响接种意愿强度的因素从大到小依次为知觉行为控制、行为态度、主观规范(路径系数分别为0.73,0.13,0.12).结论 孕妇对未来子女非EPI的接种意愿水平较高.加强非EPI接种宣传教育,改变孕妇对非EPI的知觉行为控制和态度,能够帮助提高儿童非EPI接种率.
Status and its influencing factors of willingness of 438 pregnant women to children vaccination of non-expanded program on immunization in Shanxi province
Objective To understand the status and its influencing factors of pregnant women's willingness to children vaccination of non-expanded program on immunization(non-EPI)and provide evidences of increasing the non-EPI rate of children.Methods A sample of 438 pregnant women receiving prenatal care in Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital was selected using a convenient sampling method for a questionnaire survey.Independent sample t-tests,analysis of variance,and multiple linear regression models were employed to analyze the effects of individual socioeconomic factors,vaccine preferences,and vaccine information sources on the willingness of pregnant women to non-EPI vaccination for their future children.Additionally,a structural equation model based on the theory of planned behavior was constructed to examine the influence of pregnant women's attitudes,subjective norms,and perceived behavioral control on their children's non-EPI vaccination intention.Results A total of 98.4％of the surveyed subjects expressed willingness to have their children receive non-EPI vaccines.Compared to the pregnant women inclined towards imported vaccines,the pregnant women favoring domestic vaccines exhibited a stronger willingness for their children to receive non-EPI vaccines(β=0.119).Those with exposure to media outreach showed a stronger willingness for their children to receive non-EPI vaccines compared to those without such exposure(β=0.099).Furthermore,the pregnant women exposed to promotional materials and lectures at community hospitals and centers for disease control and prevention demonstrated a stronger willingness for their children to receive non-EPI vaccines compared to those without such exposure(β=0.119).The results of the structural equation model indicated that the factors influencing the intensity of vaccination intention ranked in descending order as perceived behavioral control,behavioral attitude,and subjective norms,and the path coefficient was 0.73,0.13,and 0.12,respectively.Conclusion The willingness of pregnant women to have their future children receive non-EPI vaccines is notably high.Strengthening the promotion and education of non-EPI vaccinations and adjusting pregnant women's perceived behavioral control and attitudes towards non-EPI vaccinations are essential strategies to enhance the vaccination rate of non-EPI vaccines for children.
pregnant womennon-expanded program on immunization vaccineswillingness to be vaccinatedtheory of planned behavior
万方数据
维普
