析取词
Disjunction
阿洛尼 1刘小飞 2张留华2
作者信息
- 1. 荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学逻辑、语言和计算研究中心
- 2. 华东师范大学哲学系
- 折叠
摘要
在逻辑学上,析取词(V)是一个二元联结词,其经典解释是作为一种真值函数:函数的输出端,在输入端语句(析取支)至少一个为真时为真,其他情况下均为假.长期以来,哲学家、逻辑学家和语言学家一直对它与自然语言析取词(如"or/或")之间的应有联系感兴趣.本文以逻辑和语言接合点的进展情况为聚焦点,综论关于析取词的逻辑分析和语言分析:经典逻辑和大量非经典解释下作为二元联结词的析取词;自然语言析取词的若干基本事实,及作为(布尔)代数中求并(join)算子的一种广义跨范畴析取概念;会话场景下所用"or/或"的格莱斯解释,以及新近讨论自然语言析取词相容和不相容用法的进展情况;新近有关自然语言析取词的两种非经典解释,它们在"自由选择"现象、选言问句以及具有选言前件的反事实条件句中的应用情况.
Abstract
In logic,disjunction is a binary connective(V)classically interpreted as a truth function,the output of which is true if at least one of the input sentences(disjuncts)is true,and false otherwise.Its supposed connection with disjunctive words of natural language like"or"has long intrigued philosophers,logicians and linguists.In this paper we give an overview of logical and linguistic analyses of disjunction with focus on developments at the interface between logic and language:disjunction as a binary connective in classical logic and in a number of non-classical interpretations;some basic facts concerning disjunctive words in natural language,and a generalized,cross-categorial notion of disjunction as the join operator in a(Boolean)algebra;Grice's account of the use of or in conversation and recent developments in the discussion on inclusive and exclusive uses of linguistic disjunctive words;two recent non-classical accounts of linguistic disjunction and their applications to phenomena of free choice,disjunctive questions and counterfactuals with disjunctive antecedents.
关键词
析取词/解释/逻辑分析/语言分析Key words
disjunction/interpretation/logical analyses/linguistic analyses引用本文复制引用
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
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