从"三月不违"到"以君随天"——儒家何以"破冰"而行乎天下
From"Three Months without Disobedience"to"Kings Follow the Will of Heaven":How Does Confucianism"Break the Ice"and Make the Great Way Universal
代春敏 1阿卜杜拉2
作者信息
- 1. 马来西亚理科大学人文学院;衡水学院董子学院
- 2. 马来西亚人文学院哲学与文明系
- 折叠
摘要
《公羊传》定公十年、十二年复书"孔子行乎季孙,三月不违",定公与季孙氏对孔子既重用又有所忌惮,而孔子"行乎季孙"实为践行圣道,实现孔子之治、圣人之治.儒家行权政效长久且显著,但现实的对立始终存在,无法获取更多时间和机会."三月不违",是儒家行政可否持续的问题,充满行道施政的紧迫感和无力感.董仲舒提出"以君随天",在构建王权合法性的基础上,以天道制约君权,以天意呈现民意,在坚守"从道"和"改制更化"中力求与时俱进,与皇权达成共识.儒家于进退之间,在理想与现实、道统与政统的张力中,不断对弈和调适,积极寻求"破冰而行"的理路,实现制衡与合作.
Abstract
In the Biography of Gongyang,the tenth and twelfth years of the Reign of the Duke of LU Ding repeatedly recorded that"Confucius administered political affairs for the Jisun family,three months without disobedience",Duke Ding and Jisun valued but at the same time feared Confucius.Confucius'administration of political affairs for Jisun is actually to practice the sagely way,realize the rule of Confucius and the rule of saints.The effect of Confucian administrative power has been long and remarkable.However,the obstruction in reality always exists,so it is impossible to obtain more time and opportunities."Three months without disobedience"is a question of whether Confucian administration can continue,full of a sense of urgency and powerlessness.DONG Zhong-shu proposed"following the will of heaven",based on the construction of the legitimacy of the royal power,restricting the monarch's power with the way of heaven,presenting public opinion with the will of heaven,and striving to advance with the time while adhering to"following the way"and"reform and transformation",and reaching a consensus with the imperial power.Confucianism,between advance and retreat,in the tension between ideal and reality,Taoism and politics,constantly resists and adjusts,and actively seeks the rational way of"breaking the ice"to achieve counterbalance and cooperation.
关键词
儒家行政/三月不违/屈君而伸天/张力/调适Key words
Confucian governance/three months without disobedience/the monarch submits to the will of heaven/tension/regulate引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社科基金重大项目(19ZDA027)
河北省教育厅人文社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(ZD202125)
河北省教育厅人文社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(ZD202328)
衡水学院重点课题(2023SKZ01)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据