过敏性肺炎(HP)是一种免疫介导的间质性肺疾病，临床表现、严重程度及疾病转归具有高度异质性，与个体敏感性、接触抗原的性质、剂量、持续时间及接触频率均有关。2020年新制定的成人HP指南对其进行了重新分类，并详细描述了其影像学特征。HP常发生在成人，但也可影响儿科人群，且是常见的儿童间质性肺疾病之一。在儿童中，引起HP的最常见因素为家庭环境中的禽类和真菌抗原。HP的诊断主要基于明确的暴露抗原、典型的症状、特征性放射学表现，血清特异性抗体IgG、支气管肺泡灌洗液及肺功能检查可帮助明确诊断HP，对于诊断仍不明的患儿需行肺组织病理检查。早期诊断并充分避免抗原暴露是治疗及预后的关键。 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD). It is a disease with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, severity and outcomes, which are associated with individual sensitivity, as well as property, dosage, duration and frequency of exposure to the antigens.The 2020 adult HP guideline reclassifies it and describes its radiographic features in detail.HP often occurs in adults, also affects the pediatric population and is one of the most common ILDs in children.The most common factors causing HP in children are avian and fungal antigens in the home environment.The diagnosis of HP is based on clear antigens, typical symptoms and characteristic radiological manifestations.The serum-specific IgG antibody, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pulmonary function tests can help diagnose HP clearly, and lung histopathology is required for children whose diagnosis cannot be confirmed.Early diagnosis and adequate avoidance of antigen exposure are the keys to its treatment and prognosis.
Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD). It is a disease with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, severity and outcomes, which are associated with individual sensitivity, as well as property, dosage, duration and frequency of exposure to the antigens.The 2020 adult HP guideline reclassifies it and describes its radiographic features in detail.HP often occurs in adults, also affects the pediatric population and is one of the most common ILDs in children.The most common factors causing HP in children are avian and fungal antigens in the home environment.The diagnosis of HP is based on clear antigens, typical symptoms and characteristic radiological manifestations.The serum-specific IgG antibody, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and pulmonary function tests can help diagnose HP clearly, and lung histopathology is required for children whose diagnosis cannot be confirmed.Early diagnosis and adequate avoidance of antigen exposure are the keys to its treatment and prognosis.
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