目的 探讨新生大鼠单侧输尿管梗阻对肾盂蠕动功能及起搏细胞的影响。 方法 动物实验研究。2日龄新生SD大鼠36只，根据随机数字表法分为单侧输尿管部分梗阻(PUUO)组、单侧输尿管完全梗阻(CUUO)组和假手术组，每组12只。术后1周进行肾盂穿刺测压，测压后处死幼鼠，取左侧肾盂输尿管固定后用于组织学检测。记录并比较各组幼鼠不同灌注速度时肾盂压力、蠕动波频率、波幅等参数，同时比较各组肾盂起搏细胞(非典型平滑肌细胞和Cajal样间质细胞)的变化情况。2组间比较采用独立样本t检验，3组比较采用单因素方差分析。 结果 假手术组肾盂压力随灌注速度增加而缓慢增加；蠕动频率随灌注速度增加而快速升高，达最大值后随灌注速度增加而降低。蠕动波振幅随灌注速度增加呈现先升高后降低。PUUO组肾盂压力随灌注速度增加而快速增加，且均高于假手术组；蠕动频率较假手术组高，在40 mL/h之前的蠕动频率较为接近，但灌注速度再增加时，蠕动波频率开始下降。蠕动波振幅随灌注速度增加出现快速升高而后下降，且下降速度较假手术组快。CUUO组肾盂基础压力为12 cmH2O(1 cmH2O＝0。098 kPa)，但在5 mL/h的灌注速度下，肾盂压力逐渐升高，未出现平台期，直至肾盂压力达73 cmH2O时，灌注液自穿刺针旁逆行流出，肾盂压力稍下降后达到平衡，整个过程未出现规律肾盂蠕动波。3组肾盂组织免疫荧光染色分析显示，起搏细胞均位于肾盂壁的平滑肌中，假手术组阳性率最高，PUUO组次之，CUUO组最低。 结论 输尿管梗阻对肾盂蠕动功能有显著影响，其对蠕动频率、幅度及肾盂压力等产生的影响有一定规律可循；肾盂起搏细胞减少可能参与输尿管梗阻导致的肾盂蠕动功能改变，但起搏细胞如何调节肾盂输尿管蠕动仍需进一步研究。 Objective To investigate the effects of unilateral ureteral obstruction on renal pelvic peristalsis and pacemaker cells in neonatal rats。 Methods An animal experimental study。Thirty-six 2-day-old newborn SD rats were randomly divided into the partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) group， complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) group， and sham operation group， with 12 rats in each group。One week after surgery， all rats were subjected to renal pelvic pressure (RPP) measurement by puncture。After measurement， the rats were euthanized， and their left renal pelvis and ureter were removed and fixed for histological examination。Parameters such as RPP， peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude at different perfusion speeds were recorded and compared， and the changes in pacemaker cells (atypical smooth muscle cells and Cajal-like interstitial cells) were also compared。The independent samples t-test was used for comparison between 2 groups， and the one-way ANOVA of variance was used for comparison among 3 groups。 Results In the sham operation group， the RPP increased gradually with the increase of perfusion speed the frequency of peristaltic waves rose rapidly and then dropped after reaching the highest level with the increase of perfusion speed similarly， the amplitude of peristaltic waves first increased and then decreased as the perfusion speed increased。In the PUUO group， the RPP increased rapidly with the increase of perfusion speed， higher than that in the sham operation group the frequency of peristaltic waves was higher than that in the sham operation group， and it was relatively constant under the perfusion speed of 40 mL/h， but when the perfusion speed increased again， the frequency began to decline the amplitude of peristaltic waves increased quickly and then declined at a faster rate than the sham operation group with the increase of perfusion speed。In the CUUO group， the basic RPP was 12 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0。098 kPa) at the perfusion speed of 5 mL/h， the RPP rose gradually， and no plateau appeared when the RPP reached 73 cmH2O， the perfusate retrograded from the side of the puncture needle， then the RPP slightly decreased and then balanced， and no regular peristaltic waves were observed in the renal pelvis throughout the whole perfusion process。Immunofluorescence staining analysis showed the pacemaker cells were all located in the smooth muscle of the renal pelvic wall。The sham operation group had the highest positive rate， followed by the PUUO group and then the CUUO group。 Conclusions Ureteral obstruction has a significant impact on the peristalsis of the renal pelvis， and its impact on the peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude and RPP can be predicted。The reduction of pacemaker cells in the renal pelvis may be involved in the changes of renal pelvic peristalsis caused by ureteral obstruction， but further research is needed on how pacemaker cells regulate the peristalsis of the renal pelvis and ureter。
Effect of ureteral obstruction on renal pelvic function and pacemaker cells in neonatal rats
Objective To investigate the effects of unilateral ureteral obstruction on renal pelvic peristalsis and pacemaker cells in neonatal rats. Methods An animal experimental study.Thirty-six 2-day-old newborn SD rats were randomly divided into the partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (PUUO) group, complete unilateral ureteral obstruction (CUUO) group, and sham operation group, with 12 rats in each group.One week after surgery, all rats were subjected to renal pelvic pressure (RPP) measurement by puncture.After measurement, the rats were euthanized, and their left renal pelvis and ureter were removed and fixed for histological examination.Parameters such as RPP, peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude at different perfusion speeds were recorded and compared, and the changes in pacemaker cells (atypical smooth muscle cells and Cajal-like interstitial cells) were also compared.The independent samples t-test was used for comparison between 2 groups, and the one-way ANOVA of variance was used for comparison among 3 groups. Results In the sham operation group, the RPP increased gradually with the increase of perfusion speed the frequency of peristaltic waves rose rapidly and then dropped after reaching the highest level with the increase of perfusion speed similarly, the amplitude of peristaltic waves first increased and then decreased as the perfusion speed increased.In the PUUO group, the RPP increased rapidly with the increase of perfusion speed, higher than that in the sham operation group the frequency of peristaltic waves was higher than that in the sham operation group, and it was relatively constant under the perfusion speed of 40 mL/h, but when the perfusion speed increased again, the frequency began to decline the amplitude of peristaltic waves increased quickly and then declined at a faster rate than the sham operation group with the increase of perfusion speed.In the CUUO group, the basic RPP was 12 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=0.098 kPa) at the perfusion speed of 5 mL/h, the RPP rose gradually, and no plateau appeared when the RPP reached 73 cmH2O, the perfusate retrograded from the side of the puncture needle, then the RPP slightly decreased and then balanced, and no regular peristaltic waves were observed in the renal pelvis throughout the whole perfusion process.Immunofluorescence staining analysis showed the pacemaker cells were all located in the smooth muscle of the renal pelvic wall.The sham operation group had the highest positive rate, followed by the PUUO group and then the CUUO group. Conclusions Ureteral obstruction has a significant impact on the peristalsis of the renal pelvis, and its impact on the peristaltic wave frequency and amplitude and RPP can be predicted.The reduction of pacemaker cells in the renal pelvis may be involved in the changes of renal pelvic peristalsis caused by ureteral obstruction, but further research is needed on how pacemaker cells regulate the peristalsis of the renal pelvis and ureter.
Ureteral obstructionCajal-like interstitial cellsRat, neonatalPelvic peristalsis function
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