The monkeypox epidemic has re-emerged and is at a stage of rapid development in Africa.It is rare that has been designated as a public health emergency of international concern twice in just 2 years since May 2022,which fully demonstrates the urgency of the current monkeypox epidemic.This outbreak is caused by a new monkeypox variant strain Ⅰb.It has a faster transmission rate and may have a higher fatality rate,especially in children.Therefore,medical staff,especially pediatricians,should attach great importance to this strain,do a good job in epidemic surveillance and strengthen vaccine research and development.Nip it in the bud.