Clinical analysis of children with anomalous origin of coronary artery over ten years in a single center
Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery.Methods A case-series study was conducted.Based on the clinical data of children diagnosed with anomalous origin of the coronary artery at Shanghai Children's Medical Center,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2013 to January 2023,the diseases of different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery were summarized.Results A total of 177 children with anomalous origin of the coronary artery were treated.Among them,122 children developed the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ALCAPA),including 54 males and 68 females,with a median age of 1.2 years;6 children developed the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery(ARCAPA),including 3 males and 3 females,with a median age of 4.3 years;9 children developed the anomalous left coronary artery from the right coronary sinus(ALCA),including 6 males and 3 females,with a median age of 9.5 years;40 children developed the anomalous right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus(ARCA),including 24 males and 16 females,with a median age of 7.7 years.Most children diagnosed with ALCAPA had onset within 1 year of age,with chronic heart failure as the main manifestation,and young children were often accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation.A total of 111 children underwent surgery,and 11 children died.Six children with ARCAPA had no obvious clinical symptoms and were treated by operation according to the principle of double coronary circulation after diagnosis.Nine children with ALCA started with syncope,chest pain or abdominal pain after exercise.Eight of the children underwent surgical treatment,including 1 who received a heart transplant.Of the 40 children with ARC A,23 children had clinical manifestations,with chest tightness,syncope,and chest pain after exercise as chief complaints;16 children were tested positive for treadmill exercise before surgery;and a total of 13 children received surgical treatment.Conclusions Different types of anomalous origin of the coronary artery vary in severity.The clinical manifestations of the anomalous origin of the left coronary artery are generally serious,and most of such patients have the risk of cardiac insufficiency or sudden death.Once diagnosed,surgical treatment should be performed timely.The clinical manifestations of the anomalous origin of the right coronary artery are relatively mild,and only a few may have serious consequences,which are usually treated according to the principle of individualization or double coronary circulation.
ChildCongenital heart malformationsAnomalous origin of coronary artery
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