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中国氦气全产业链发展现状与展望

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中国氦气供应短缺、产业发展基础薄弱,过去长期处于"有业无链"状态.近年来,国内自给率虽大幅提高、并于 2023 年首次实现对外依存度低于 90%,但因自产气量基数较小,尚未形成完善可靠的氦气"产供储销贸研"全产业链.结合全球氦气产业链发情况,基于中国氦气产业链资源、生产、供应、储存、运输、销售、技术和装备等全链现状,分析认为:2025 年起,全球氦气供需双涨,远期或将呈供应宽松态势;未来 5 年内,随着国内自产气量稳定增长和进口渠道的开拓,预计中国氦气将呈自产和进口"两旺"局面,保供能力将大幅提升,同时国内超低温领域科技攻关厚积薄发,正在攻关的关键技术及装备逐步进入应用推广阶段,中国氦气产业链发展必将迎来长足进步,预计很快形成完善可靠的产业链.建议中国加大氦气资源勘查力度,深入夯实资源基础,持续加强科技创新,尽快形成关键装备的系列化、工业化产品,同时依托气田开发和液化天然气国际合作机制,积极构建稳定供应的多元化进口保障体系,从而实现中国氦气的安全可靠供应和产业健康发展.
Status quo and Prospects of the Whole Helium Industry Chain in China
China's helium industry,characterized by a pronounced supply deficiency and an underdeveloped industrial base,has historically experienced a disjointed"industry without chain"scenario.Despite a substantial increase in the domestic self-sufficiency rate in recent years—dipping the foreign dependency below 90%for the first time in 2023,China don't form a complete and reliable helium industry chain yet since its low production base.The paper analyzes and predicts that global helium supply and demand are expected to rise and may keep a relaxed supply situation in the long term after 2025.In the next five yeras,China's helium is expected to grow vitally in both self-production and imports with significantly enhancing its supply capability,some key technologies and equipment that are in the middle of research may enter into application and promotion with accumulated domestic ultra-low temperature scientific research and the advancement,which signals a substantial progress and a promising trajectory for the development of China's helium industry chain in the near future based on resources,production,supply,storage,transportation,sales,technology,and equipment of China's helium industry chain as well as development of imports channels in combination with the global helium industry chain evolution.It suggests that China should intensify exploration efforts to consolidate its helium resource base,continue to improve the scientific and technological innovation to achieve the rapid industrialization of key equipment,actively build a diverse imports security system with a stable supply based on gas fields development and LNG international cooperation mechanism in order to achieve helium's safe and reliable supply as well as a healthy industry development.

Helium industry chainSupplyStorage and transportationMarketStatus quoDevelopment trend

张哲、黄骞、王春燕、柳英明、陈思锭

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中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院,北京 100083

氦气产业链 供应 储运 市场 现状 发展趋势

中国石油科学研究与技术开发项目

2021ZG1304

2024

油气与新能源
中国石油天然气股份有限公司规划总院

油气与新能源

影响因子:0.436
ISSN:2097-0021
年,卷(期):2024.36(2)
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