Epidemic characteristics of anthrax in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of anthrax in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control.Methods Excel 2007 and SPSS 11.5 software were used to analyze the clinical and confirmed cases of anthrax in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022.Correlation analysis was conducted by using x2 test,the test level α=0.05.Results A total of 32 cases of anthrax were reported in Yuanmou County from 2012 to 2022,all of which were cutaneous anthrax.The average annual incidence of anthrax was 1.36/105,with statistically significant difference among different years(x2=13.78,P＜0.001).The incidence was seasonal,with cases mainly concentrated from May to November.The cases were distributed regionally and concentrated in 5 townships,with significant differences among different regions(x2=124.00,P＜0.001).The anthrax cases were all farmers.There were 25 males and 7 females,with a sex ratio of 3.57∶1,and the difference was statistically significant(x2=20.25,P＜0.001).The majority of the patients were young adults aged 30-59 years,and there was a statistically significant difference in the incidence among different age groups(x2=108.00,P＜0.001).The infection mode was contact infection,28 cases were infected by cutting dead cattle and sheep,and 4 cases were infected by feeding sheep,and the contact infection by cutting was significantly higher than that by feeding,with statistical significance(x2=36.00,P＜0.001).The infected sites were fingers in 22 cases,back of hand in 5 cases,upper forearm in 4 cases and instep in 1 case.The differences between incidence of different infection sites was considered statistically significant(x2=968.00,P＜0.001).A total of 1 public health emergency and 2 cluster outbreaks occurred.Conclusions The overall situation of anthrax epidemic in Yuanmou County is serious,and the anthrax epidemic focus site exist persistently.The joint prevention and control between animal husbandry department and health department should be strengthened.The surveillance of the epidemic among animals should be strengthened,and the epidemic among animals should be detected timely.Health education and publicity should be strengthened,and the public's awareness of disease prevention should be improved.
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