In the aerospace field,assembly gaps often exist between composite structures.In this paper,the bolt tightening process of composite plate with large assembly gap is taken as the research object,through the combination of theoretical analysis and experiment,the effects of different gaps and different gap compensations on the axial clamping force of bolt joints are investigated.The results show that liquid shims can significantly affect the axial clamping force of the connection structure,and reducing the liquid shims helps to improve the connection quality.