Trauma-induced coagulopathy(TIC)is a complex hemostatic disturbance that could develop early after a major injury.There is no universally accepted definition of TIC.However,TIC primarily refers to the inability to achieve sufficient hemostasis in patients with severely injured trauma,resulting in diffuse microvascular and life support treatment must be implemented for patients.Unlike congenital bleeding disorder which is due mostly to a single factor deficiency,coagulopathy encountered in trauma and major surgery is of a multifactorial nature.All elements in coagulation,including procoagulant,anticoagulant,fibrinolytic and antifibrinolytic proteins,exhibit various degrees of deficiency.After admission to the emergency department,the patients with TIC experienced continuous major bleeding,increased incidence of component transfusion and multiple organ dysfunction,and a four fold increase in mortality compared to patients with complete hemostasis.Therefore,early hemostasis and correction of shock hypoperfusion within 24 hours are crucial,and considerations of the risk of thrombotic complications from low coagulation to high coagulation and advanced TIC are integrated throughout the entire clinical treatment process.
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