Genetic Improvement of Agronomic Traits and Yield of Soybean Varieties of Different Ages in Liaoning Province
In order to clarify the future direction of soybean traits improvement in Liaoning Province,this study selected 146 soybean varieties of different ages in Liaoning Province as test materials,and planting density was set at 150 000 plants·hm-2,to comprehensively analyze the trends of genetic improvement of steam strength,petiole angle,plant shape at maturity,and yield traits of soybean varieties among different ages.The results showed that as the breeding years progressed,the upper,middle and lower petiole angles in the bulging stage of soybean gradually decreased,and reached the minimum in the 2020s;while the stem strength increased significantly,averaging 251.49 N in the 2020s.At the maturity stage,the plant height,plant weight equilibrium height and bottom pod height showed a significant decreasing trend as the breeding years of varieties alternated,and all of them reached the minimum in the 2020s.However,the number of nodes,stem diameter and number of branches did not change significantly.With the genetic improvement of soybean varieties,the yield showed a significant increase,reaching 3 319.63 kg·hm-2 in the 2020s,and the number of pods per plant and the number of grains per plant showed an increasing trend,while the change in 100-grain weight was not significant.Correlation analysis showed that seed yield was negatively correlated with plant height and lowest pod height,with correlation coefficients of-0.316 and-0.249,respectively,and positively correlated with the number of grains per plant,with a correlation coefficient of 0.229.Passage analysis showed that plant height,height of lowest pod and number of grains per plant made the greatest direct contribution to the yield,with direct passage coefficients of-0.241,-0.304 and 0.228,respectively.In conclusion,the genetic improvement of soybean varieties in Liaoning Province emphasizes the selection and breeding of stable-yielding soybean varieties with suitable plant height,lower pod height and higher number of grains per plant.
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