A 56-year-old male patient presents with a neoplasm located under the first toenail of the right foot,accompanied by persistent oozing for a duration of one year.The dermatological examination showed that a dull red,slightly hard neoplasm measuring approximately 1 cm×l cm×0.5 cm was observed under the first toenail of the right foot,accompanied by yellowish-red purulent discharge.Pathological findings of skin lesions revealed partial absence of the epidermis,with increased necrotic material on the surface,hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the spinous layer,disorganized arrangement of proliferating cells,unequal size,and abnormal nuclear division images.The dermal capillaries were hyperplastic and dilated,with increased infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes.Diagnosis:Bowen's disease under the toenail.Treatment:the patient underwent surgical curettage of the neoplasm following nail extraction,combined with five sessions of photodynamic therapy.The patient was followed up for six months and showed no recurrence after treatment.