Analysis of Epidemiological characteristics of hair diseases in children in Tangshan
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hair diseases in children in Tangshan,providing valuable insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods The clinical data from a total of 246 children with hair diseases at Tangshan Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2020 and December 2020 was collected in this study,and the disease composition and clinical characteristics of patients with hair problems were further analyzed.Results The children with hair problems accounted for 1.12％of the total number of pediatric patients in the department of dermatology in Tangshan area.The most common congenital disease was sebaceous nevus(7.72％),while the common acquired included alopecia areata(56.10％),tinea capitis(14.63％)and trichotillomania(8.94％).The majority of cases(138)of alopecia areata exhibited multifocal and mild alopecia,with a higher prevalence among female children(53.62％).The prevalence of family genetic history was observed in a small proportion of cases(3.62％),while some cases exhibited comorbidity with other diseases,including allergic diseases(17.39％),attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder(2.90％),nail damage(2.90％)and others.There were no significant differences between male and female children in multipule clinical characteristics in alopecia areata(P＞0.05).Among the 36 cases with tinea capitis,the majority of children were male(69.44％).The tinea alba was the predominant form,with a higher prevalence(75.00％)observed among rural children compared to their urban children.A great number of child patients with tinea alba had a prior history of raising pets,particularly dogs,and exhibited a high positivity rate in fungal microscopy and culture.Among the 22 children patients with trichotillomania,the most common sites were the top of the head(59.09％)and the temporal(22.73％),with a higher prevalence among male children(68.18％).The incidence of trichotillomania in single-child families(73.33％)among male children patients exceeded that in multi-child families(26.67％),whereas the reverse was observed in female children patients(14.29％in single-child families;85.71％in multi-child families).Conclusion The hair diseases in children in Tangshan mainly presented as alopecia areata,tinea capitis,trichotillomania and nevus sebaceous,with significant regional characteristics.
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