Objective To investigate the effects of short-interval second ejaculation on semen quality,final fertilization methods,fertilization rate and high-quality embryo rate.Methods A retrospective analysis of 32 occyte retrieval cycles of conventional in vitro fertilization at the Reproductive Medicine Department of Nanyang Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022.The first ejaculation(The total number of progressive motility sperm was＜1.0×106 after the op-timization of the first semen extraction)and the short-interval second ejaculation(within 2 hours after the first ejacula-tion)were performed in all the males.Semen quality and final fertilization methods were analyzed.The above cycles were divided into three groups according to the fertilization method:in vitro fertilization(IVF,n=5),intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI,n=11),IVF+early rescue ICSI(n=16),and the fertilization rate,cleavage rate and high-quality em-bryo rate of each group were analyzed.Results The semen volume of short-interval second ejaculation was significantly lower than that of the first ejaculation[(1.56±0.55)mL vs.(2.56±1.33)mL,t=5.847,P=0.038],and the sperm concentration,total motility,and percentage of progressive motility and non-progressive motility sperms were not statisti-cally significant between short-interval second ejaculation and first ejaculation(P＞0.05).According to statistics on the final fertilization methods,the proportion of IVF,ICSI,IVF+early rescue ICSI accounted for 15.6％,34.4％and 50.0％,respectively.There were no significant differences in age,BMI,infertility years,infertility types and number of occytes obtained among the three groups(P＞0.05).The normal fertilization rate and high-quality embryo rate of IVF+early rescue ICSI groups were significantly lower than those of ICSI groups(P=0.009,0.010),and there was no signifi-cant difference in normal fertilization rate,cleavage rate and high-quality embryo rate among other groups.Conclusion Although short-interval second ejaculation can effectively replenish the total number of progressive motility sperm,the proportion of early rescue ICSI increases significantly during conventional in vitro fertilization,so ICSI may be a better choice when the quality of semen is poor.
Short-interval second ejaculationSemen qualityFinal fertilization methodsFertilization rateHigh-quality embryo rate
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