Thoracic spinal stenosis is a group of clinical syndromes caused by a reduction in the effective cross-sectional area of the thoracic spinal canal.This reduction leads to compression of the spinal cord or nerve roots at the corresponding level due to various pathogenic factors including ossification of the ligament flavum,ossification of the posterior longitudi-nal ligament,thoracic disc herniation,osteophyte formation at the posterior edge of the vertebral body,and hyperplasia of the vertebral facet joint.Symptoms commonly observed in patients include lower limb numbness,weakness,and difficulty in walking.Although the incidence of thoracic spinal stenosis is lower compared with cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis,delayed diagnosis and treatment often result in a poor prognosis and significant burden on daily life.The traditional treat-ment method involves total laminectomy via a posterior median approach.However,this approach has drawbacks such as damage to the stability of the posterior column,increased bleeding,and a long postoperative recovery period.In recent years,chiropractors have been exploring the application and feasibility of minimally invasive techniques in the treatment of thoracic spinal stenosis,leading to significant advancements.These advancements include microendoscopic decompres-sion technology,microscopes assisted decompression,percutaneous endoscopy,unilateral double-channel endoscopy in thoracic vertebral diseases,and the use of spinal navigation and robot assistance technologies.These techniques have im-proved the therapeutic efficacy of thoracic spinal stenosis,reduced trauma and complications,and enhanced the recovery of patients.Notably,percutaneous endoscopy and unilateral biportal endoscopy technologies have shown promising out-comes in the treatment of thoracic spinal stenosis.This article provides a comprehensive review of the research on mini-mally invasive surgical treatment for thoracic spinal stenosis.
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