Objective To explore the effect of squalene on anoxia endurance in mice. Methods Mice were randomly divided into low-, middle-, and high- dosage groups and control group, and then squalene was orally given in three dosages groups for 30 consecutive days. The survival time in mice exposed to hypoxia under the normal pressure, with sodium nitrite or after acute cerebral ischemia was examined. Results After giving squalene for 30 consecutive days, mice injected with sodium nitrite in middle - and high - dosage groups survived longer than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Mice with acute cerebral ischemia in middle - and high- dosage groups survived longer than those in control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Effect of squalene on mice's body-weight growths was not observed. These results indicated that squalene could protect mice from anoxia caused by acute cerebral ischemia and sodium nitrite poisoning. Conclusions Squalene can enhance anoxia endurance function in mice.