Interactions of outdoor activities and use of electronic products with the occurrence of myopia among primary school students in Beijing,2022
Objective To analyze the factors influencing myopia and the interactions of outdoor activities and use of electronic products with myopia among pupils in Beijing in 2022.Methods A multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to randomly select 6 districts in Beijing in July 2022,and then 11 primary schools were randomly selected from the 6 districts.A questionnaire survey was conducted on all pupils in Grades Ⅰ-Ⅴ from the selected schools.Univariate t test or x2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify the factors influencing myopia and analyze the multiplicative interactions between outdoor activities and use of electronic products.Results A total of 15,033 pupils were surveyed in this study.The mean age was(9.12±1.35)years,and the overall prevalence rate of myopia 23.63％.The prevalence rate of myopia in girls was 24.91％,and that in boys was 22.42％.The proportion of Grade Ⅰ-Ⅴ pupils who spent＞1 hour per day in outdoor activities after school decreased gradually(Ptrend＜0.001),while the proportions of pupils who spent＞30 minutes on use of electronic products(Ptrend＜0.001)or＞1 hour on using eyes at a close distance without screen per day after school increased gradually(Ptrend＜0.001).Older age(OR=1.872,95％CI:1.810-1.936,P＜0.001),girls(OR=1.160,95％CI:1.068-1.260,P＜0.001),myopic parents(father or mother with myopia:OR=2.268,95％CI:2.020-2.547,P＜0.001;father and mother with myopia:OR=5.053,95％CI:4.485-5.694,P＜0.001)and longtime using eyes at a close distance without screen(OR=1.224,95％CI:1.095-1.368,P＜0.001)were risk factors for myopia.Reading at a close distance(11-20 cm:OR=0.833,95％CI:0.708-0.981,P=0.028;21-30 cm:OR=0.609,95％CI:0.514-0.721,P＜0.001;＞30 cm:OR=0.558,95％CI:0.457-0.681,P＜0.001)and doing eye exercises once or twice a day(once a day:OR=0.853,95％CI:0.761-0.957,P=0.007;twice a day:OR=0.880,95％CI:0.796-0.973,P=0.013)were protective factors for myopia.There were multiplicative interactions between time of outdoor activity after school and time of using electronic products.With the increase of the time of outdoor activities,the effect of using electronic products on the prevalence rate of myopia was weakened(OR=0.803,95％CI:0.666-0.969,P=0.022).Conclusion Outdoor activities can reduce the effect of using electronic products on myopia.It can be considered to increase children's outdoor activity time so as to make up for the effect of longtime using electronic products on myopia.
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