Epidemiological characteristics,pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance of pneumonia in 408 children under 5 years old
Objective To analyze the epidemiological features,pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug sensitivity test results of pneumonia in children,and to provide references for prevention and treatment of pneumonia in children as well as rational drug use in clinical practice.Methods We retrospectively collected the clinical data,sputum culture results and drug sensitivity test results of 408 bacterial pneumonia children less than 5 years of age admitted to the general wards of Chengdu Pidu Maternal and Child Health Hospital and Chengdu Women's and Children's Central Hospital from November 2021 to June 2023.A descriptive analysis was performed on the detection of common pathogenic bacteria in different age groups and children of different genders as well as drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria.Results Among the 408 children with pneumonia,368(90.20％)were infected with one kind of pathogenic bacteria,and 40(9.80％)with two or more kinds of pathogenic bacteria.468 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the sputum samples,including 165(35.26％)strains of Gram-positive bacteria and 303(64.74％)strains of Gram-negative bacteria.The main pathogenic bacteria detected were Streptococcus pneumoniae(31.41％),Haemophilus influenzae(24.79％),Moraxella catarrhalis(19.02％),Viridans streptococci(15.81％)and Staphylococcus aureus(3.85％).No statistically significant differences were found in the detection rates of 5 major pathogenic bacteria between children of different genders(P＞0.05).The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was higher in 1-3-year-old group and＞3-5-year-old group than in＜1-year-old group,while the detection rates of Haemophilus inffluenzae and Staphylococcus aureus were lower in 1-3-year-old group and＞3-5-year-old group than in＜1-year-old group(P＜0.05).The detection rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was higher in winter than in autumn,and the detection rate of Haemophilus influenzae was higher in spring than in summer,autumn and winter(P＜0.05).The drug resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis to co-trimoxazole were the highest,which were 53.74％and 22.47％respectively.The drug resistance rates of Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus to ampicillin were the highest,which were 67.24％and 83.33％respectively.The drug resistance rates of Viridans streptococcus to ampicillin and ceftriaxone were the highest,which were both 51.35％.Conclusion Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,Moraxella catarrhalis,Viridans streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus are main pathogenic bacteria of pneumonia in the children in this area.The distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the children of different ages and different seasons is diversity.Sensitive antibacterial drugs should be rationally selected and used based on drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in clinical practice.
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