实用预防医学2024，Vol.31Issue(12) ：1424-1427.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2024.12.004

上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病情况及其影响因素分析

Prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among primary school students in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality

林米乐 杨飞飞 薛俊磊 于宏杰 马飞飞 彭谦 王颖 彭慧
实用预防医学2024，Vol.31Issue(12) ：1424-1427.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-3110.2024.12.004
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上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病情况及其影响因素分析

Prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among primary school students in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality

林米乐 1杨飞飞 2薛俊磊 2于宏杰 2马飞飞 2彭谦 2王颖 3彭慧2
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作者信息

  • 1. 北京协和医学院中国医学科学院医学信息研究所,北京 100020
  • 2. 上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海 201800
  • 3. 复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海 200023
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摘要

目的 分析上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病情况及其影响因素,为精准预防近视提供科学依据.方法 采用横断面调查及随机抽样方法,于2023年4-5月选取上海市嘉定区1 889名1～5年级学生,进行视力检测和问卷调查,利用x2检验和多因素logistic回归模型分析小学生近视患病情况及影响因素.结果 上海市嘉定区小学生近视率为35.57％.多因素 logistic 回归模型分析发现,女生(OR=1.339,95％CI:1.070～1.677)、高年级(2年级:OR=2.241,95％CI:1.493～3.366;3年级:OR=3.958,95％CI:2.677～5.851;4年级:OR=9.680,95％CI:6.535～14.337;5年级:OR=13.716,95％CI:9.161～20.536)、父母单方近视(OR=2.552,95％CI:1.946～3.346)或双方近视(OR=4.655,95％CI:3.331～6.505)、仅有时保持看电视视屏距离3 m(OR=1.493,95％CI:1.057～2.111)、仅有时保持读写时胸口离桌子边缘一拳(OR=1.465,95％CI:1.028～2.088)是近视患病的危险因素.不经常在天黑后关灯看电子屏幕(OR=0.404,95％CI:0.194～0.841)是近视的保护因素.结论 上海市嘉定区小学生近视患病率较高;近视防控的开展应依据影响因素采取针对性干预以取得良好的预期.

Abstract

Objective To analyze the prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among pupils in Jiading District,Shanghai Municipality,and to provide a scientific basis for precision prevention of myopia.Methods A cross-sectional survey and random sampling method were employed to select 1,889 students from grades 1 to 5 in Jiading District,Shanghai Municipality in April-May 2023.Vision tests and questionnaire surveys were conducted.The prevalence of myopia and its influencing factors among the pupils were analyzed using x2 test and a multifactorial logistic regression model.Results The prevalence rate of myopia among the pupils in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality was 35.57％.The analysis based on a multifactorial logistic regression model revealed that risk factors for myopia were female students(OR=1.339,95％CI:1.070-1.677),higher grades(grade 2:OR=2.241,95％CI:1.493-3.366;grade 3:OR=3.958,95％CI:2.677-5.851;grade 4:OR=9.680,95％CI:6.535-14.337;grade 5:OR=13.716,95％CI:9.161-20.536),having one parent(OR=2.552,95％CI:1.946-3.346)or both parents(OR=4.655,95％CI:3.331-6.505)with myopia,only sometimes maintaining a distance of 3 meters when watching TV(OR=1.493,95％CI:1.057-2.111)and only sometimes keeping a distance of one fist from the edge of the desk when reading or writing(OR=1.465,95％CI:1.028-2.088).Infrequently using electronic screens in the dark after sunset(OR=0.404,95％CI:0.194-0.841)was a protective factor against myopia.Conclusion The prevalence rate of myopia among the pupils in Jiading District of Shanghai Municipality was relatively high.Targeted interventions based on influencing factors should be implemented for effective myopia prevention and control and positive outcome.

关键词

小学生/近视/影响因素/logistic回归分析

Key words

pupil/myopia/influencing factor/logistic regression analysis

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出版年

2024
实用预防医学
中华预防医学会 湖南省预防医学会

实用预防医学

CSTPCD
影响因子：1.391
ISSN：1006-3110
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