Objective To investigate the value of combined detection of the BRAF gene in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology specimens for the diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer,and to jointly measure thyroid function serum markers,with the goal of enhancing the accuracy and detection rate of preoperative diagnosis of papillary thyroid cancer,as well as its role in prognostic evaluation.Methods A total of 455 patients with thyroid nodules who were admitted to Liuzhou People's Hospital from August 2022 to December 2023 were collected.Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy,liquid-based cytology,BRAF gene detection,and thyroid function serology tests[including thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH),thyroid receptor antibodies(TRAb),and thyroid globulin antibodies(TgAb)]were performed on these patients.The correlation between the combined examination of the above methods and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with papillary thyroid cancer was investigated.Results The diagnosis of thyroid nodules is conducted through three methods:ultrasound examination,liquid-based cytology,and BRAF gene detection,and the results are compared with the postoperative pathological tissue.The sensitivity of ultrasound examination is 98.44％,which is the highest among single diagnostic methods;the BRAF gene detection has the highest specificity and best performance.Serological marker tests were performed on patients with thyroid nodules before surgery.The level of TSH in the PTC group(4.8±2.0)mU/L is higher than that in the benign group(3.9±2.0)mU/L,showing a statistically significant difference between the groups(P=0.013).The level of thyroid receptor antibodies(TRAb)in the PTC group(3.7±2.0)U/L is also higher than that in the benign group(2.3±1.2)U/L,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.010).Conclusion In terms of single diagnostic methods,the BRAF gene detection shows the best diagnostic performance,the diagnostic efficacy of combining ultrasound examination,liquid-based cytology,and BRAF gene detection in pairs is higher than that of any single method.Simultaneously performing serological marker tests is more beneficial for determining the malignancy or benignity of thyroid nodules.
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