To address the issues of energy scarcity and environmental contamination resulting from the industrial revolution,the most effective solution is to discover sustainable,hygienic and effective energy sources.Hydrogen,which produces only water as a combustion product,is regarded as an ideal,pollution-free and renewable energy source that can substitute fossil fuels.Electrocatalytic water splitting is a method of producing hydrogen that achieves zero carbon emissions,making it the cleanest and most sustainable approach available.An objective overview of the latest developments in catalyst research for electrocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen reduction reactions is provided.The fundamental reaction principles and design methods that can enhance the catalysts'performance in electrocatalytic water splitting are introduced.The discussion is carried out from two aspects of noble metal-based catalysts and non-noble metal catalysts.The various methods to improve the activity of these catalysts in electrocatalytic water splitting and the current challenges faced by the catalysts are introduced,and the prospects for future research are given.
electrocatalytic water splittinghydrogen productionelectrocatalysthydrogen evolution reactionoxygen evolution reaction
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