Correlations of vascular endothelial growth factor and X-box binding protein 1 with microvascular density and prognosis of glioma patients
Objective To observe the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and X-box binding protein 1(XBP1)in glioma tissues,and to explore their relationships with glioma microvascular density(MVD)and prognosis.Methods Totally 200 patients with glioma underwent craniotomy to remove glioma in the Second People's Hospital of Nanyang,the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanyang Medical College,and Nanyang Central Hospital from June 2018 to December 2020.The specimens of glioma tissues and paracancerous tissues were collected during operation.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the MVD.The relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs were compared between glioma tissues and paracancerous tissues,and the relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs as well as the MVD were compared among patients with different clinicopathological features.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was done to evaluate the influencing factors of poor prognosis of glioma patients.Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the correlations between the relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs in glioma tissues and the MVD in glioma patients.According to the median relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs in glioma tissues and the median MVD,200 patients were divided into highly-expressed VEGF group(the relative expression of VEGF mRNA 6.34,n=107),lowly-expressed VEGF group(the relative expression of VEGF mRNA＜6.34,n=93),highly-expressed XBP1 group(the relative expression of XBP1 mRNA≥5.65,n=103),lowly-expressed XBP1 group(the relative expression of XBP1 mRNA＜5.65,n=97),high MVD group(MVD≥33.85,n=101)and low MVD group(MVD＜33.85,n=99).The patients were followed up for 3 years.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were plotted to compare the 3-year total survival rate between highly-and lowly-expressed VEGF and XBP1 groups and between high and low MVD groups.Results The relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs were glioma in cancer tissues(6.34±0.96,5.65±1.06)than those in paracancerous tissues(1.03±0.11,1.05±0.16)(t=77.715,P＜0.001;t=60.684,P＜0.001).The relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs in glioma tissues were higher in patients with pathological grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ(6.66±0.87,5.93±0.89)and low differentiation(6.76±0.75,6.12±0.99)than those in patients with pathological grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(6.04±0.94,5.40±1.13)and moderately high differentiation(6.15±0.98,5.44±1.02)(t=4.767,P＜0.001;t=3.666,P＜0.001;t=4.738,P＜0.001;t=4.399,P＜0.001),and the MVDs were higher in patients aged ≥50 years and pathological grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ(35.45±7.99,35.77±7.27)than those in patients aged＜50 years and pathological grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ(32.08±7.80,32.04±8.37)(t=3.009,P=0.003;t=3.361,P=0.001).Pathological grade(HR=1.730,95％CI:1.427-3.154,P=0.008),relative expression of VEGF mRNA(HR=1.185,95％CI:1.027-1.514,P＜0.001),relative expression of XBP1 mRNA(HR=1.178,95％CI:1.016-1.431,P=0.009)and MVD(HR=1.042,95％CI:1.009-1.226,P=0.023)were the influencing factors of poor prognosis of glioma patients.The relative expressions of VEGF and XBP1 mRNAs in glioma tissues were positively correlated with MVD(r=0.355,P＜0.001;r=0.292,P＜0.001).The 3-year total survival rates were lower in highly-expressed VEGF group,highly-expressed XBP1 group and high MVD group(13.08％,15.53％,15.84％)than those in lowly-expressed VEGF group,lowly-expressed XBP1 group and low MVD group(68.82％,63.92％,62.63％)(x2=62.518,P＜0.001;x2=47.019,P＜0.001;x2=39.034,P＜0.001).Conclusions VEGF and XBP1 are highly expressed in glioma tissues.The expressions of VEGF and XBP1 are correlated with the pathological grade and differentiation degree,and positively correlated with MVD.The pathological grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ,high expressions of VEGF and XBP1,and high MVD indicate a high risk of poor prognosis of glioma patients.
gliomavascular endothelial growth factorX-box binding protein 1microvascular density
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