摘要
肿瘤患者是营养不良的高危人群.摄入减少、吸收障碍、利用异常、消耗增加以及需求升高是导致肿瘤患者营养不良的主要原因.营养不良会导致抗肿瘤治疗耐受力降低、患者生活质量下降、生存时间缩短以及医疗费用增加等不良结局.因此,规范的肿瘤患者营养治疗应成为肿瘤综合治疗的重要内容并贯穿肿瘤患者生命全周期.本文就营养治疗的适应证、治疗时机与时程、治疗目标、五阶梯治疗方法、肿瘤患者的能量与蛋白质需求、肿瘤特异性营养配方特点以及营养治疗有效性评价等方面进行阐述,以期为临床肿瘤患者营养治疗提供指导.
Abstract
Cancer patients are a high risk group for malnutrition.The decreased intake,impaired absorption,abnormal utiliza-tion,increased consumption and increased demand are the main causes of malnutrition in oncology patients.Malnutrition can lead to adverse outcomes such as reduced tolerance to anti-cancer therapy,decreased quality of life for patients,shortened survival time,and increased medical costs.Therefore,standardized nutritional therapy for oncology patients should become an important part of compre-hensive cancer treatment and be carried out through the entire life cycle of cancer patients.This article describes the indications,tim-ing and duration of nutritional therapy,treatment goals and the five-step therapeutic approaches,the energy and protein requirements of oncology patients,the characteristics of tumor-specific nutritional formulas,and evaluation of the effectiveness of nutritional thera-py,in order to provide guidance for clinical nutritional therapy for cancer patients.
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