Numerical Simulation Analysis of Reinforcement Technology of Small Spacing Shield Tunnel End Shaft in Water-rich Sand Layers
Shield launching and reception are very critical in the tunneling process.Numerical simulation of the rein-forcement measures at the end shaft of the three-lane small-clearance tunnel shield tunneling in water-rich silt sand layer were studied.The results show that the groundwater increase the surface settlement during the construction.The combined reinforcement of cement system and freezing method can simultaneously reduce the amount of surface settlement and the range of settlement distribution;In addition,the repeated construction of the end shaft affects the distribution of the groundwater flow field and reduces the bearing capacity of the strata;Reinforcement by freezing method can effectively maintain the groundwater level and reduce seepage and surface settlement.
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