Research progress and difficulties on obtaining mature gametes in vitro
Mature gametes include sperms originating from the male and oocytes originating from the female.The sperm and oocyte combine to form a fertilized oocyte and develop into a mature individual.At present,the research on obtaining gametes in vitro mainly focuses on obtaining mature gametes by inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)or induced pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs)in vitro.In vitro,under specific conditions,pluripotent stem cells(PSCs)can differentiate into three germ layers tissues which include primordial germ cells.Therefore,by inducing differentiation and meiosis in vitro of PSCs,researchers can obtain mature gametes and offspring.Focusing on the production process of mature gametes,this paper summarized the research progress and difficulties to be overcome in the production of mature gametes in vitro.
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