Objective To investigate the main types of Rickettsia infection, prevalence of antibodies to Rickettsia and associated factors among human and livestock in Jiangsu province. Methods Five survey sites in different areas in the Province, e. g. Lishui, Peixian, Xuyi, Yixing and Binhai, were selected. Indirect immunofluorescence was applied to detect antibody IgG and IgM to seven common types of Rickettsia such as Rickettsia mooseri ( RM ) , Rickettsia heilongjiangii ( RH ) , R. tsutsugamushi, Coxiella burnetii ( CB ), Bartonella henselae/Bartonella quintana ( BH/BQ ) , Ehrlichia chaffeeusis ( MME ) and Human granulocytic anaplasmosis(HGA). Results The prevalence of BH/BQ infection was the highest in 2 562 sera in the five survey sites (24. 8% ). Prevalence of antibodies was higher in women than that in men, except prevalence of antibodies to HGA and BH/BQ, which was higher in men than that in women. Regional difference was found in all Rickettsia infections except RH/RS. Antibodies to seven types of zoonotic Rickettsia were all detected in animals. The prevalence of OT infection was the highest(31.8%). It mainly infected goats and the prevalence was different in various areas. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, sex, area and history of tick/mite bite were associated with the prevalence. Conclusions Several types of Rickettsia infection were prevalent in farming population and livestock in Jiangsu province. Infections by RM, BH/BQ and CB were dominant.