Objective Observe effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapies implemented at different time points and by different times after rat traumatic brain injury (TBI) , to determine effective time window and effective therapy time of HBO therapy. Methods Feeney method was adopt to prepare TBI model, HBO therapy were implement respectively after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h of injury, change of rat neurological behavior and hippocampus structural morphology were observe after therapies implemented at different time points and by different times to determine effective time window and effective therapy time of HBO therapy. Results Implement ation of HBO therapy once within 3, 6 and 12 h after therapy group's injury could remarkably improve rat neurological behavior score and pyramidal cell morphology of hippocampus CA2 and CA3 areas and could reduce cell loss, especially within 3 and 6 h(P <0.01). HBO therapy implemented within 24, 48 and 72 h after injury has no statistical difference with control group( all P >0.05 ). HBO therapies implemented for 1, 3 and 5 times within 6 h of injury have no statistical difference on neurological behavior and hippocampus structural morphology (all P >0. 05). Within 24 h of injury, therapeutic effects of therapies implemented for 3 and 5 times are more excellent than that implemented once( all P < 0.05). Conclusion HBO therapy implemented within 6 h after rat TBI will take remarkable effect, and increment of therapy time is beneficial for increasing the therapeutic effect.