Mechanisms and Support System of Shallow Layer Damage in Tunnels in Mountainous Areas
In response to shallow tunnel damage,the shortcomings of traditional support measures in protecting against shallow damage were analyzed.An economically reasonable support measure designed based on the principle of"effective advanced support+timely active reinforcement+reduced disturbance"was proposed,which can provide reference for the support of shallow damage.Research has shown that shallow failure of surrounding rock is due to the failure of the rock mass cut by the structural plane to form an effective force transmission system within a local range.Local tension causes unfavorable structural planes to open,move and further develop,resulting in hidden and occasionally delayed shallow block and peeling on site,which is one of the main hidden dangers affecting the safety of on-site personnel and equipment.In response to shallow damage,the protection principle of"effective advanced support+timely active reinforcement+reduced disturbance"is followed for protection.After adjustment,the new support measures can effectively protect shallow areas and have good economic efficiency.Advance shed protection can ensure the safety of the arch after excavation,thereby adjusting the construction process and advancing the construction of the surrounding blast holes for the next cycle,further reducing over excavation.
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