Some problems such as track plate cracking,track plate upper arch off joints and mortar layer damage of bal-lastless track are considered under the action of long-term repeated load of trains,ballastless track damage will destroy the integrity of the track system,thus affecting the comfort and safety of train operation.In this pa-per,we analyze and study the existing ballastless track lines at home and abroad,including the existing com-mon ballastless track types,ballastless track defects and the causes and mechanisms of the defects,and the detection and monitoring technology of ballastless track defects.