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中国文化的生成:从神恩到人恩

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中国文化的基本结构是恩德,即以施恩—报恩责任规定人际关系,形成了父慈子孝、兄友弟恭、夫德妻贤、君明臣忠的伦理规范和社会关系.中国恩德文化的生成,是从神恩到人恩的过程.商代是神权社会,对上帝的崇拜形成了神恩文化,王族领受神恩,拥有了统治权力,而"众"成为上帝赠予王族的礼物.周代是家国一体的宗法社会,敬天法祖,祖先崇拜实际上重于对天的崇拜,建立了礼乐制度,形成了带有人文性的祖恩文化.在祖恩文化中,圣王的教诲传达了天意,天意保民,产生了人文精神的萌芽.在春秋战国时期,家国一体的宗法社会开始解体,走向家国同构的后宗法社会.这个时期人文精神开始形成,祖恩转化为家恩,报祖恩转化为报父母之恩,孝道形成;同时家恩转化为普遍的人恩,孝推广到社会、政治领域,忠孝一体,构成了恩德文化体系.
Editor's Note:To promote the practical exploration of Chinese path to modernization and to build an inde-pendent knowledge system are the major themes of current Chinese academic research.In the process of pushing forward the innovative transformation and development of traditional Chinese culture,the study of the history of Chinese political thought is receiving increasing attention of the Chinese political science community.On June 10,2023,one of the series of activities"Let's Read and Explore",which were organ-ized by the Department of Ethnic and Border Studies of Yunnan University,held the conversation online"Methodological Issues of the History of Chinese Thought",and invited many experts and scholars in the field to have a discussion,starting from the book Changes of Concepts:The Evolution of Political Thought in Ancient China written by the Korean scholar CHANG Hyun Guen.This set of articles which were expanded and deepened from the conversation online by the scholars,comb the traditional methods,explore new research approaches,address the importance of the research of Chinese traditional political concepts,analyze the value and limits of the research of"history of concepts"and transcend the debate be-tween ancient and modern times and the controversy between China and the West,trying to bring about the methodology innovation and effective knowledge production on the basis of standardizing the research of the history of Chinese political thought.

杨春时

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厦门大学中文系

中国文化 恩德 祖恩 人恩

国家社会科学基金后期资助项目

21FZXB028

2024

天津社会科学
天津市社会科学院

天津社会科学

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.641
ISSN:1002-3976
年,卷(期):2024.2(2)
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