A Basic Categories Study of the Materialist Conception of History:Overview and Reflections
To investigate and analyze the statements of classical Marxist writers,especially Marx,on the basic categories of the materialist conception of history,such as practice,social existence,productive forces,relations of production,mode of production,economic base,superstructure,and social formation,this paper examines the studies of these basic categories by Chinese scholars,Soviet scholars,Eastern European schol-ars,and Western scholars,and puts forward the following views:practice is historical activity that includes purposive setting and objectification,and transcendence in qualification is the essential relationship between the subject and the object of practice;social existence is a"sensible and super-sensible thing",i.e.,a"social thing",generated in the practical activities of human beings;productive forces are manifested as the unity of"subject productive forces"and"object productive forces","material productive forces"and"spiritual pro-ductive forces","individual productive forces"and"social productive forces";the relations of production are relations between people,and ownership of the means of production is a relation between people and things,which directly determines the relations of production,but is not itself a relation of production;the mode of production mainly refers to the unity of the technical combination mode and the social combination mode of production factors,reflecting the unity of productive forces,ownership and relations of production;the economic base-superstructure is"the metaphor of architecture",and the formulation of social formation category is based on the division of social system,so it is the unity of economic structure,political structure and conceptual structure.
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