What is a modern state?This is a problem that both the researchers and the practitioners of mod-ernization cannot avoid.The western mainstream concept of modern state mainly includes two elements:"nation-state"and"constitutional democracy".However,even in the West,the concept of"nation-state"is confused in understanding and cannot be applied to multi-ethnic countries in practice.Although constitu-tional democracy has promoted the modernization of the West,there are many biases and misunderstand-ings in theory,and a series of problems and disasters in practice.A proper definition of a modern state is the one that is more public than a traditional state,where citizens have the right to political participation,where state institutions are institutionalized and political authority is rationalized to a greater extent,and where there is a greater capacity to promote stability and development.
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