首页|叙事的本质

叙事的本质

扫码查看
迄今为止对叙事本质的研究远远不足,从认知、逻辑与传播三个层面,探讨讲故事行为的发生缘由、组织形态和动力机制就显得尤为重要.人类对世界的认知建立在叙事的基础之上,一直以来我们都更喜欢用故事形式来与人互动;记忆形成于讲述的过程之中,选择什么样的故事来讲述,取决于讲述者个人的价值取向;传统的延续主要依赖叙事,把相关经验缩略成极简叙事进行传承,有利于避免集体记忆的失落.环境认知中的归因思维促成了大脑中的故事建构,因果逻辑具有联接乃至生发事件的重要功能,但事件之间的因果关联常常是故事讲述人强行赋予的;所谓"合取谬误"(即把事件硬性编排在一起)的问题,在于把概率较小的事件放在了不恰当的或者说过于重要的位置.故事在人群中的扩散有病毒般传播与海啸式传播两种形式,动物精神在其中所起的作用不可小觑;就像舞台上的表演者一样,现实世界中人也常常会按某种脚本行事,而所有不经意的讲述其实都是为了翻找出最具脚本意义的旧事,或许这就是人与人之间叙事性互动永远不会停息的根本原因所在.对叙事本质的探讨有助于窥见人之所以为人的根本:人类能成为地球上兼具智慧与勇气的万物之灵,很大程度上是因为掌握了叙事这一重要的沟通手段.
The Nature of Narrative
To date,research on the nature of narrative has been far from sufficient.Exploring the causes,or-ganizational forms and dynamic mechanisms of storytelling behavior from the perspectives of cognition,log-ic and communication is particularly important.Human cognition of the world is based on narratives,and we have always preferred to interact with others through storytelling.Memory is formed in the process of narration,and the choice of what story to tell depends on the storyteller's personal value orientation.The continuation of tradition mainly relies on narratives,which condense relevant experiences into simplified stories for transmission,helping to prevent the loss of collective memory.Attribution thinking in environ-mental cognition facilitates story construction in the brain,and causal logic plays a crucial role in connecting and even generating events.However,the causal relationships between events are often arbitrarily assigned by the storytellers.The issue of the so-called"conjunction fallacy"(i.e.,cramming events together)lies in placing less probable events in inappropriate or overly important positions.The dissemination of stories a-mong people takes two forms:viral-like spread and tsunami-like spread.The role of"Animal Spirits"in this process should not be underestimated.Just like performers on a stage,people in the real world often act ac-cording to a script,and all seemingly casual storytelling is actually an effort to retrieve past events of script-like significance.This may explain why narrative interaction between people never ceases.Exploring the nature of narrative helps us understand the essence of being human:the reason that humans have be-come the intelligent and courageous beings on the Earth is largely due to mastering narrative as a vital means of communication.

傅修延

展开 >

广东外语外贸大学外国文学与文化研究院

叙事 本质 认知 逻辑 传播

2024

天津社会科学
天津市社会科学院

天津社会科学

CSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:0.641
ISSN:1002-3976
年,卷(期):2024.6(6)