摘要
一九九○年代以来,中国洞经音乐的研究步入快速发展时期.随着在国内及国际洞经音乐谈演活动的增多,以及洞经音乐被批准列入国家级、省级等非物质文化遗产名录,洞经音乐受到重视.但图书馆对洞经经籍的收藏却甚为罕见."大洞谈经"的刻本与抄本存世无多,往往有不同的经名与版本,哈佛燕京图书馆收藏了数种.通过与有关道经的比较,可见其核心部分源于六朝的《上清大洞真经》.长跪礼请、举诰、忏悔、发愿、赞颂、玄蕴咒、卷上序经章、元皇赞经、卷中序经、卷下序经、清河颂、结经章等则始自南宋的蜀本.净身、心、口、天地、安土地等五咒,评注"玄契日",郑渊薮赞经等则始自元代《大洞仙经注》.金光神咒、玉音神咒、两段大洞神咒则出 自《太上三洞神咒》.一段大洞神咒、太极紫微吉祥神咒则出自《太上洞渊三昧帝心神咒》.八卦、十供养、玉局心忏等内容是后来附加上去的.与这些经文相应的仪式音乐来源也同样五花八门.只有通过详细的分析比较,才能一窥"大洞谈经"文本及音乐形成、增删、汇编和改编的复杂过程.
Abstract
Starting from the 1990s,the research on Chinese Dongjing music has been rapidly increasing.As domestic and international discussions on Dongjing music grew and as the Dongjing music was inscribed into the national-and provincial-level intangible culture heritage lists,it began to receive increased attention.Yet the acquisition of Dongjing classics/scriptures by libraries is still scant.There are not many surviving block-printed or hand-written copies of"Preachment for Scripture of the Great Cavern",and the ones extant have various nomenclatures and editions,several of which are held by the Harvard-Yenching Library.Through the comparison with relevant Daoist classics,it is clear that its core components originated from the"True Scripture of the Great Cavern of Shangqing"in the Six Dynasties.Its prostration for invocation,invocation for various deities,confession,expression of one's wish,glorification,spell with mysterious doctrine,prefaces of first,second,and last volumes,eulogy of this scripture by Primary Sovereign,eulogy of Qinghe,last chapter of this scripture came from the Shu/Sichuan edition from the Southern Song dynasty.Its five spells for purifying body,heart,mouth,and world,for pacifying the Earth God,Xuanqi's comments,eulogy of this scripture by Zheng Yuansou came from"Commentary on the Great Cavern Scripture according to Wenchang"of the Yuan dynasty.Its Divine Spell of Golden Light,Divine Spell of Jady Voice,two pieces of Divine Spell of Great Cavern came from"Divine Spells from the Highest Three Caverns".One piece of Divine Spell of Great Cavern and Devine Spell of Most High Purple Sublimity came from"Spell of Auspicious and Exorcistic Power,of the Luminous Heart Seal of Samādhi from the Dongyuan Tradition".Whereas Eight Trigram,Ten Offerings,Spiritual Litany from Yuju were appended at a later date.The origins of the ritualistic music matching these classics/scriptures are likewise various.Only through scrutinizing and comparing them may we reach an understanding of the complex process through which the texts and music of"Preachment for Scripture of the Great Cavern",were created,edited,compiled,and recompiled.
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